Finger Nail Discolouration

Explore the different types of nail discolouration and their causes

Discolouration of Nails

What It Is

Nail discolouration refers to any change in the normal color of your nails, which can serve as an important indicator of underlying health issues. Healthy nails typically have a pinkish hue, which indicates good circulation and health. When the nails appear discoloured, it can signal a variety of conditions or concerns, ranging from minor issues to more serious health problems.

Types of Nail Discolouration

White Nails:

This may indicate conditions such as liver disease, kidney issues, or a fungal infection. In some cases, white nails can also be a sign of a systemic condition like anemia.

Yellow Nails:

Yellowing can be associated with fungal infections, chronic respiratory conditions, or even the use of certain nail polishes. Persistent yellow nails may require medical evaluation to rule out underlying health issues.

Blue or Purple Nails:

A blue or purple tint, known as cyanosis, suggests a lack of oxygen in the blood, which can be related to respiratory or cardiovascular problems.

Green Nails:

Green discolouration often results from a bacterial infection, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This type of infection can lead to a condition known as green nail syndrome.

Black or Brown Nails:

Dark spots or lines may indicate bruising, but they can also be a sign of more serious conditions like melanoma (subungual melanoma) or other skin cancers. Any sudden changes in nail pigmentation warrant immediate medical attention.

Red Nails:

A red hue may indicate underlying health issues, such as psoriasis or fungal infections. It can also be associated with systemic diseases, including heart conditions.

Causes of Nail Discolouration

Nail discolouration can arise from a variety of factors:

Infections: Fungal or bacterial infections are common culprits that can change the color of the nails.

Trauma: Injuries to the nails can result in bruising, leading to discolouration.

Systemic Diseases: Conditions affecting the liver, kidneys, or cardiovascular system can manifest in nail changes.

Chemical Exposure: Prolonged exposure to harsh chemicals, nail polish, and removers can lead to staining or discolouration.

Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of essential vitamins and minerals may contribute to changes in nail color and health.

Monitoring your nails for signs of discolouration is an important aspect of overall health awareness. While many causes of nail discolouration are benign and easily treatable, some may indicate serious health issues that require professional evaluation. If you notice persistent changes in the color of your nails, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment options.

Signs & Symptoms

Signs & Symptoms of Nail Discolouration

Nail discolouration can manifest in various ways, and recognizing the signs and symptoms can help you identify potential underlying issues. Here are some common signs and symptoms associated with nail discolouration:

Change in Color:

White Nails: Nails may appear completely white or have white spots. This can indicate conditions such as liver disease or fungal infections.

Yellow Nails: A yellow tint can develop, often linked to fungal infections, chronic respiratory diseases, or nail polish use.

Blue or Purple Nails: A bluish hue can signal poor oxygen circulation in the blood, often due to respiratory or cardiovascular problems.

Green Nails: Green discolouration typically arises from bacterial infections, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and may also produce a foul odor.

Black or Brown Nails: Dark spots or lines may suggest bruising or a more serious concern such as melanoma. It’s essential to seek medical attention if this appears suddenly.

Red Nails: A red hue can indicate conditions such as psoriasis or systemic diseases, often accompanied by nail thickening or pitting.

Texture Changes:

Thickening: Nails may become thicker, which can be a sign of fungal infections or other underlying health issues.

Ridges or Pitting: These can occur alongside discolouration, indicating potential conditions like psoriasis or alopecia areata.

Pain or Sensitivity:

Pain or tenderness around the nails can occur, particularly if there is an underlying infection or trauma. This may be accompanied by swelling or redness in the surrounding skin.

Nail Separation:

In cases of severe fungal infections or trauma, nails may separate from the nail bed (onycholysis), leading to further discolouration and potential infection.

Foul Odor:

A noticeable foul smell from the nails can indicate an active bacterial infection, especially if accompanied by green or yellow discolouration.

Systemic Symptoms:

If nail discolouration is related to systemic health issues, you may experience other symptoms such as fatigue, unexplained weight loss, jaundice (yellowing of the skin), or respiratory difficulties.

When to See a Doctor

It is important to consult a healthcare professional if you notice any of the following:

Persistent changes in nail color that do not improve or worsen over time.

Accompanying symptoms such as pain, swelling, or foul odor.

Rapid changes in nail texture or shape.

Signs of infection, such as increased redness, warmth, or discharge.

Discolouration accompanied by other unexplained systemic symptoms.

Early intervention can help address underlying health issues and prevent potential complications associated with nail discolouration.

Contact a Dermatologist